第 4 章 分詞總論
分詞（V-ing/V-p.p.）一直是英文學習者在學習過程中最大的障礙，不論是大考命題比例（各類考試每年皆有這類考型），
或寫作的正確使用，都占有舉足輕重的地位，所以務必掌握好本章節的各個重點。
主題一分詞的種類
POINT 1-A 前位修飾的分詞：V-ing/V-p.p.＋N
分詞基本概念說明
現在分詞（V-ing）表主動、進行 過去分詞（V-p.p.）表被動、完成
主動 被動
1. a winding path
2. leading actors 1. written English
2. an estimated 1.25 billion smokers
進行 完成或已發生的狀態
1. boiling water
2. falling leaves
3. a developing country 1. boiled water
2. fallen leaves
3. a developed country
現在分詞與動名詞很容易混淆，請比較下列兩者
現在分詞表動作進行的狀態 動名詞表名詞的用途與功能
1. a sleeping baby（正在睡覺的嬰兒）
2. a walking man（正在走路的人） a sleeping bag（睡袋）
a walking stick（手杖）
例句講解
例 Look at those dazzling waves; they are so beautiful.
看看那些閃爍的波浪；真是漂亮。（→波浪使人眩目，為現在分詞）
例 Because of my decayed tooth, I need to see the dentist.
因為我的蛀牙，我需要去看牙醫。（→牙齒是被蛀的，為過去分詞）
例 The exciting news cheered up the losing team.
這令人興奮的消息使落後的球隊大為振作。（→消息令人興奮，為現在分詞）
例 The determined boy made up his mind to get through the job.
那堅決的孩子下定決心完成那份工作。（→心意已決的，為過去分詞）
例 Tourists are reminded to watch out for falling rocks on the path.
遊客被提醒在小徑上要當心落石。（→正在掉落的石頭，為現在分詞）
例 Every morning students sweep fallen leaves on campus to keep the environment clean.
每天早上學生們在校園內清掃落葉，以維護環境清潔。（→已經掉落的葉子，為過去分詞）
隨堂測驗
( ) 1. Lastly, the hare carries the tortoise again on its back. Thus they reach the _______ line together. 【98 學測】
(A) ending (B) finished (C) finishing (D) ended
( ) 2. This service is available seven days a week during normal _______ hours. 【96 學測】
(A) operating (B) open (C) operated (D) opened
( ) 3. So if you ask a _______ adolescent boy to tell what his feelings are, he often cannot say much. 【96 學測】
tortured (B) troubled (C) torturing (D) troubling
( ) 4. Learning style means a person’s natural, habitual, and _______ way(s) of learning. 【93 學測】
(A) favored (B) preferring (C) favoring (D) preferred
( ) 5. The chef left the meat in a _______ bowl of beer overnight to make it softer.
(A) covering (B) closing (C) covered (D) closed
( ) 6. The purpose of the rally（集會） was to ask fans to respect the copyright and to stop buying _______ CDs. 【91 指考】
(A) private (B) faking (C) pirated (D) faked
( ) 7. The company increased its production to satisfy the _______ popularity demand of the market.
(A) grow (B) growing (C) grew (D) grown
( ) 8. Consuming too much _______ food is harmful to our health.
(A) progressing (B) processing (C) progressed (D) processed
POINT 1-B 後位修飾的分詞：N＋V-ing/N＋V-p.p.
說明
1. 定義：動詞後接分詞，當主詞補語，表示主詞的性質或狀態。
2. 分詞當形容詞使用時，可放在所修飾名詞之前或之後，通常短如一個字的分詞放在名詞之前，多字組成的分詞片語則接在名詞之後。
3. 分詞後位修飾可視為由關代所引導的形容詞子句簡化而來，簡化步驟：
(1) 省略關代：關係代名詞who/which/that是形容子句中的主詞時，將關係代名詞省略。
(2) 動詞改分詞：將動詞部份改成現在分詞（表主動）或過去分詞（表被動）。
例句講解
例 It’s an appointment (which is) made twenty years ago. 【遠東】
= It’s an appointment made twenty years ago.
那是二十年前所訂的約會。（→省略關代＋beV，保留表被動的過去分詞）
例 She threw away a broken vase.
= She threw away a vase which is broken.她把破花瓶丟了。
→ She threw away the vase (which is) broken by those naughty kids at play.
她把那些頑皮的小孩玩耍時所打破的花瓶給丟了。（→省略關代＋beV，保留分詞及分詞後的補語）
例 There are white clouds floating/drifting above the green fields.
朵朵白雲飄過綠油油的田野。（→省略which are）
例 Many celebrities attended the charity concert held to raise funds for the orphans.
許多名人出席那場為孤兒籌募基金而舉行的慈善音樂會。（→省略which was）
例 Elderly people living alone need someone to take care of them.
獨居的老人需要有人照顧他們。（→省略who are）
隨堂練習
( ) 1. He felt sad when he saw her eyes _______ with tears.
(A) filling (B) falling (C) filled (D) fell
( ) 2. I always dream of living in a house _______ a beautiful lake.
(A) facing (B) locating (C) faced (D) located
( ) 3. The number of athletes _______ in the Summer Paralympics Games has increased from 400 athletes from 23 countries in 1960 to 3,806 athletes from 136 countries in 2004. 【98 學測】
(A) participate (B) participated (C) participating (D) to participate
( ) 4. Here all the dogs are given a bath _______ professional shampoo and conditioners in a massaging tub（浴缸）. 【96 學測】
(A) use (B) used (C) using (D) to use
( ) 5. Most parents dread（害怕） a note or call from school _______ that their child’s behavior is “not normal”. 【96 指考】
(A) say (B) said (C) saying (D) to say
( ) 6. A common mistake _______ in parenthood（父母身份）is that parents often set unrealistic（不切實際的）goals for their children.【95 學測】
(A) find (B) found (C) finding (D) founded
( ) 7. At the moment EU tobacco manufacturers only have to put written health warnings on cigarette packets _______ the dangers of smoking. 【94 學測】
(A) highlight (B) highlights(C) highlighting (D) highlighted
( ) 8. Mr. Tang carelessly broke the vase _______ on the counter.
(A) place (B) placing (C) places (D) placed
( ) 9. Jet lag, _______ by traveling between time zones, is becoming a common problem for frequent travelers（常旅行的人）. 【94 學測】
(A) cause (B) caused(C) causing (D) having caused
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