全光纖式邊坡穩定監測系統整合與現地應用測...

傳統邊坡安全監測大多採用傾斜管配合手動式傾斜儀監測地層內滑動面之所在位置及移動量，地下水位監測則多使用開口式水位計。這些監測儀器幾乎全部使用手工在現場紀錄讀數。此一安排不但費時，在雨季或邊坡發生滑動時時，現場紀錄讀數可能無法進行或非常危險，而這些情況下也可能是最需要監測儀器讀數的時候。近年來雖有可做自動化監測之電子式監測儀器之研發，但電子式自動化監測系統具有價格昂貴、易受電磁波干擾、雷擊破壞、且儀器設備若長期處於潮濕環境容易短路故障等缺點。本計畫所研發之被動式光纖感測器相較於電子式儀器的優點在於地層內沒有任何電子裝置，訊號傳輸距離遠可達數十公里及在光纖傳輸線上可連接多點或分佈式之優點。本計畫以阿里山台18線公路五彎仔路段作為試驗場址，使用本研究團隊研發之光纖感測地層移動監測系統與分佈式光纖水壓計來監測該地區之地層滑動及水壓變化，以評估使用全光纖感測系統在邊坡穩定監測之實用性，並配合地下水文數值模型分析，以作為該地滑區日後穩定評估方法之依據。本系統研發完成後，可供交通部公路總局第五區養護工程處建立光纖式地滑與水壓監測系統，提供阿里山公路五彎仔段安全性指標與建立阿里山公路五彎仔段地下水數值模型，提供該區域之地下水流向與分佈，管理值之研擬之具體目標。本系統亦可加入本所研發之「公路防救災決策支援系統」，供公路管理單位完成災害預防、災害緊急應變及緊急復原各階段所應執行之災前評估、調查及應採取之緊急措施，以達成防災及減災之功效。
Conventional slope stability monitoring often involves the use of inclinometer casings and open end piezometers. A plastic or aluminum casing is installed in the ground. An electronic carriage referred to as the inclinometer probe (IP) is lowered into the pre-installed casing to measure the inclinations. The displacement profile of the casing is determined by accumulating relative movements from IP readings. Open-ended piezometers are used to monitor the ground water levels. Both sensors are read manually in the field. The procedure is time consuming and can be dangerous when conducted in the rainy season or when the slope is unstable. The safety hazards may prevent the critical instrument readings from being taken when they are needed the most. Many automated electronic devices have been developed recently. These devices can be costly and subject to electromagnetic interference and lightning damage when deployed in the field. In comparison with electronic devices, the fiber optic sensors that are passive systems with no electronic circuitry installed underground can easily transmit signals by tens of kilometers through light. Multiple sensors can be connected to a single fiber optic. A test site has been set up at the Five-turn-point of Highway 18 near Mt. Alishan. The fiber optic ground displacement and ground water monitoring sensors developed by the research team have been deployed at the test site. The main purpose of this research is to verify the feasibility of using an all fiber optic sensor system in slope stability monitoring. Coupled with field measurements, a ground water numerical model will be established as a basis to evaluate the slope failure mechanisms. The research can provide new slope stability monitoring technologies to the Fifth Maintenance Office, Directorate General of Highways, MOTC. These new technologies include the use of fiber optic sensors for ground displacement and porewater pressure monitoring. Results from field measurements can be used to facilitate groundwater numerical modeling for the Five-turn-point section of the Mt. Alishan highway. The goal of numerical modeling is to determine the characteristics and distribution of groundwater flow and to setup critical index values for highway safety management. The completed monitoring system can be integrated into the “highway disaster prevention decision support system” and offer an effective tool to highway administrators for evaluation and implementation of disaster prevention schemes.

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