英美詩歌品析導讀

51
Dylan Thomas (1914-1953)

Do not go gentle into that good night

Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rage at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Though wise men at their end know dark is right,
Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright
Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,
And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight
Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

And you, my father, there on the sad height,
Curse, bless me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.


湯瑪斯

不要溫柔走入那良夜

不要溫柔走入那良夜，
老年日暮應當怒嚷燃燒；
怒嚷，怒嚷反抗光的消逝。

雖然哲者臨終接受黑暗為正確，
他們留下的話也沒分歧如閃電
但他們沒有溫柔走入那良夜。

善人在最後一波浪潮，呼喊脆弱善行
應更能在碧綠海灣盡情起舞，
怒嚷，怒嚷反抗光的消逝。

狂者高歌欲想留住時光
方知桑隅已晚，邊留邊逝，
怒嚷，怒嚷反抗光的消逝。

陰鬱者日暮崦嵫，視力模糊
失明眼睛仍欣然閃亮如天外流星，
怒嚷，怒嚷反抗光的消逝。

而您，我的父親，在那悲哀高處
我祈求，用您兇猛的淚咀咒祝福我吧。
不要溫柔走入那良夜
怒嚷，怒嚷反抗光的消逝。

【賞析】

這首詩的詩體（poetic form）是「維拉內」（villanelle），原是流行於十六世紀法國宮廷的一種十九行二韻詩，配上歌舞，有田園風格，格律嚴謹，五段三行詩，加上最後一段四行詩，一共六段十九行，全詩只押二韻，稱之為十九行二韻詩體。
到了十九世紀末，維拉內開始流行於英國詩壇，詩風轉入表達詩人內心孤寂、徬徨與矛盾，並為多位英美重要詩人所喜愛。
〈不要溫柔走入那良夜〉押韻其一是night, light, right, night, bright, light, flight, sight, height；其二是day, they, bay, way, gay, pray，尤其由詩人本尊朗誦，音韻鏗鏘，抑揚頓挫，讓人聆之心情起伏，不能自己。這首詩於2014年得獎電影《星際效應》（Interstellar）內曾採用片段，益見流傳。其實早年電影《春風化雨》（Dead Poets Society）已有介紹。
《星際效應》裡面對應父女間生與死、青春與衰老的關係，提及這首詩非常適當，〈不要溫柔走入那良夜〉述說者應是詩人本人，對象是他暮年眼力退化，幾近盲目的父親。良夜（good night）是晚安也是黑夜，是揮別也是良夜，詩人攘臂呼喊著他的老父，不要溫順的就此走入這象徵死亡的黑夜：

老年日暮應當怒嚷燃燒；
怒嚷，怒嚷反抗光的消逝。

Old age should burn and rage at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

他分別提出世間的四種人，哲者、善人、狂者、陰鬱者各有不同態度去面對黑夜的來臨，但他們一致均：

怒嚷，怒嚷反抗光的消逝。

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

最後他祈求躺在病榻高處的父親，不要放棄，不管任何手段，面對他的兒子，祝福也好，咀咒也好，要用兇猛的淚，就是不要溫柔走入那良夜。

參考網站─
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mRec3VbH3w
（Dylan Thomas reads詩人朗誦）
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_nprPycZow
（Interstellar電影《星際效應》片段）

51
Dylan Thomas (1914-1953)

Do not go gentle into that good night

Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rage at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Though wise men at their end know dark is right,
Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright
Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

...

第一章 歌謠 (Ballads and Songs)
1. Anonymous  Edward, Edward 愛德華，愛德華 020
2. Anonymous  Lord Randal 蘭道爾主公  024
3. Anonymous  The Twa Corbis 兩隻烏鴉  039
4. Anonymous  The Three Ravens 三隻烏鴉  042
5. Dudley Randall  Ballad of Birmingham 伯明罕歌謠  047
6. Anonymous  Barbara Allen 芭芭拉‧艾倫  052
7. Anonymous  Black is the Color 其色黝黑  059
8. Edgar Allan Poe  Annabel Lee 安娜貝‧李  065
9. Anonymous  Kemp Owyne 奧溫武士  076
10. Edwin Arlington Robinson  Richard Cory 理查‧柯里  093
11. W. H. Auden  Funeral Blues 葬禮藍調  099

第二章 修辭 (Rhetoric)
12. Edwin Arlington Robinson  Luke Havergal 盧黑威格  104
13. Sylvia Plath  Metaphors 隱喻  110
14. William Butler Yeats  Leda and Swan 麗達與天鵝  112
15. William Blake  The Sick Rose 病玫瑰  115
16. Robert Frost  The Rose Family 玫瑰家庭  118
17. Alfred Tennyson  The Eagle 蒼鷹  122
18. Carl Sandburg  Fog 霧  124
19. Walter de la Mare  The Horseman 騎士 126
20. Herman Melville  The Tuft of Kelp 一束海藻  128
21. Orlando Gibbons  The Silver Swan 銀天鵝 130
22. Emily Dickinson  Presentiment is that lang shadow on the lawn 預兆是
 草坪上那道長長陰影 133
23. Emily Dickinson  My life closed twice before its close 我生命結束前曾閤上兩次  135
24. W. H. Auden  The Unknown Citizen 無名市民  137
25. Robert Browning  My Last Duchess 前公爵夫人141
26. Robert Frost “Out, Out—” 熄了，熄了  148
27. Christopher Marlowe  The Face that Launch’d a Thousand Ships 讓千艘戰船遠航的臉（取自《浮士德博士》）(from The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus)  153
28. Edgar Allan Poe  To Helen 致海倫  157
29. William Butler Yeats  No Second Troy 不要再次特洛伊  160
30. Robinson Jeffers  Hands 手掌  163
31. T. S. Eliot  The Boston Evening Transcript 波士頓晚報  166
32. Robert Creeley  Oh No 噢，不  169

第三章 十四行詩 (Sonnets)
33. John Keats  On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer 初讀查普曼翻譯荷馬  174
34. William Shakespeare  That time of year thou mayst in me behold 在那時節你將見我  177
35. William Shakespeare  If I profane with my unworthiest hand 假若我用卑微的手（取自《羅密歐與茱麗葉》）(from Romeo and Juliet)  180
36. William Shakespeare  O how much more doth beauty beauteous seem 啊！美看來會美上多少倍  184
37. William Shakespeare  Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? 我應否把妳比擬作夏日？  187
38. Howard Moss  Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day? 我應否把妳比擬作夏日？  190
39. William Shakespeare  Let me not to the marriage of true minds 我絕不接受兩人真心真意結合  193
40. Edna St. Vincent Millay  What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why 我在哪兒吻過哪些唇，及為何？  196
41. Robert Frost  Acquainted with the Night 熟悉夜晚  199
42. Robert Frost  The Silken Tent 絲織帳篷  202
43. John Crowe Ransom  Piazza Piece 露台小品  205

第四章 箴言詩 (Epigrams)
44. Alexander Pope  Epigram Engraved on the Collar of a Dog Which I Gave to His Royal Highness 呈交皇上狗項鍊上刻的箴言  212
45. Sir John Harrington  Of Treason 論叛國  213
46. E. E. Cummings  A politician 政客  215
47. Anonymous  Epitaph on a Dentist 某牙醫墓誌銘（附譯 Edgar Lee Masters《匙河詩選》(Spoon River Anthology)四首）  216
48. John Dryden  Epitaph on His Wife 某人太太墓誌銘  223
49. Robert Frost  The Secret Sits 祕密坐著  224
50. A. R. Ammons  Coward 膽小鬼  226

第五章 十九行二韻詩 (Villanelle)
51. Dylan Thomas  Do not go gentle into that good night 不要溫柔走入那良夜  228
52. Sylvia Plath  Mad Girl’s Love Song 瘋女孩情歌  232
53. Theodore Roethke  The Waking 醒來  236
54. Elizabeth Bishop  One Art 一種藝術  240
55. W. H. Auden  If I Could Tell You 若我能告訴你  243

第六章 六六行詩 (Sestina)
56. Elizabeth Bishop  Sestina 六六行詩  248

第七章 頌歌 (Odes)
57. John Keats  Ode on a Grecian Urn 希臘古甕頌  256
58. Allen Tate  Ode to the Confederate Dead 南方邦聯死難頌  263

第八章 英雄傳奇與童話故事 (Legends and Fairy Tales)
59. Alfred Tennyson  Ulysses 尤里西斯  276
60. Alfred Tennyson  The Lotos-Eaters 食蓮族  284
61. Samuel Taylor Coleridge  Kubla Khan 忽必烈汗  290
62. Wallace Stevens  Peter Quince at the Clavier 彼得昆斯彈鍵琴  299
63. Anne Sexton  Cinderella 灰姑娘  308

第九章 現代詩 (Modern Poetry)
64. Edith Sitwell  Still Falls the Rain 雨仍落著 (The Raids, 1940, Night and Dawn)  320
65. Robinson Jeffers  Hurt Hawks 傷鷹  327
66. Carolyn Kizer  Summer near the River themes from the Tzu Yeh and the Book of Songs 夏日河畔  332
67. Carolyn Kizer  Hiding Our Love 隱情  338
68. E. E. Cummings  Anyone lived in a pretty how town
誰都住過一個不錯小鎮  341

後記：持人情性‧藉詩言志  347
詩人簡介 (Biographical Sketches)  355
索引 I (Index of Authors and Titles)  369
索引 II(Index of Terms) 373

第一章 歌謠 (Ballads and Songs)
1. Anonymous  Edward, Edward 愛德華，愛德華 020
2. Anonymous  Lord Randal 蘭道爾主公  024
3. Anonymous  The Twa Corbis 兩隻烏鴉  039
4. Anonymous  The Three Ravens 三隻烏鴉  042
5. Dudley Randall  Ballad of Birmingham 伯明罕歌謠  047
6. Anonymous  Barbara Allen 芭芭拉‧艾倫  052
7. Anonymous  Black is the Color 其色黝黑  059
8. Edgar Allan Poe  Annabel Lee 安娜貝‧李  065
9. Anonymous  Kemp Owyne 奧溫武士  076
10. Edwin Arlington...