音系學通解（UNDERSTANDING PHONOLOGY）（第...

Preface
1　The production of speech
　1.1 Introduction
　1.2 The lungs and the larynx
　　1.2.1 The vocal folds: the open and vibrating glottis
1.2.2 Devoicing and aspiration
1.2.3 Special types of phonation
1.2.4 Pitch
1.2.5 The glottal stop
　1.3 The vocal tract
1.3.1 The pharynx
1.3.2 The nasal cavity
1.3.3 The mouth
　1.4　Vowels
　1.5 Constrictions
1.5.1 Places of articulation
1.5.2 Types of constriction
　1.6 Segmental duration
　1.7 Complex consonants
1.7.1 Secondary articulations
1.7.2 Double articulations
1.7.3 Manner-contourconsonants
　1.8 Nonpulmonic consonants
　1.9 Stress
　1.10　Conclusion
2　Some typology: sameness and difference
　2.1 Introduction
　2.2 Morphosyntactic structure
2.2.1 Morphologicalstructure
2.2.2 Syntactic structure
　2.3 A world without phonological structure
2.3.l One phonology for all languages?
2.3.2 Two kinds of structure
　2.4　There's a difference
　2.5　Universals and implicational relations
　　2.5.1 Plain or special?
　　2.5.2 Avoiding complexity
　　2.5.3 A word of caution
　　2.5.4 Speech ergonomics
　　2.5.5 System gaps
　2.6　Conclusion
3　Making the form fit
　3.1 Introduction
　3.2 Hawaiian
　3.3 Adjustment processes
　　3.3.1 The process of nativization
　　3.3.2 Adjustments in the native vocabulary
　3.4 Two approaches
　　3.4.1 Rules
　　3.4.2 Constraints
　3.5 Choosing between rules and constraints
　　3.5.1 Gradient violation and unranked constraints
　3.6 Conclusion
4　Underlying and surface representations
　4.1 Introduction
　4.2 Allophonic variation
　4.3 Two levels of representation
　4.4 Neutralization
　4.5 Choosing the underlying form
　4.6 Conclusion
5　Distinctive features
　5.1 Introduction
　5.2 Motivating distinctive features
　5.3 Feature values
　5.4 A set of distinctive features
　　5.4.1 Major-class features
　　5.4.2 Laryngeal features
　　5.4.3 Manner features
　　5.4.4 Ambiguity and nonspecification
　5.5 Place features
　　5.5.1 Labial
　　5.5.2. Coronal
　　5.5.3 Dorsal
　　5.5.4 Radical
　……
6　Orderde rules
7 A case study:the diminutive suffix in Dutch
8 Levels of representation
9 Representing tone
10 Between the segment and the syllable
11 Feature geometry
12 Exploiting the feature tree
13 Stress and feet
14 Further constraining stress
15 Phonology above the word
Epilogue
Key to questions
References
Language index
Subject index

Preface
1　The production of speech
　1.1 Introduction
　1.2 The lungs and the larynx
　　1.2.1 The vocal folds: the open and vibrating glottis
1.2.2 Devoicing and aspiration
1.2.3 Special types of phonation
1.2.4 Pitch
1.2.5 The glottal stop
　1.3 The vocal tract
1.3.1 The pharynx
1.3.2 The nasal cavity
1.3.3 The mouth
　1.4　Vowels
　1.5 Constrictions
1.5.1 Places of articulation
1.5.2 Types of constriction
　1.6 Segmental duration
　1.7 Complex consonants
1.7.1 Secondary articulations
1.7.2 D...