英文文法一點靈

第3單元
介係詞 + 關係代名詞一起用時，是否可省略介係詞呢？



一般句中較常見到關係代名詞和介係詞合用的方式為關係代名詞在前，介係詞在後（關係代名詞+介係詞），如：
This is the movie theater I usually go to.
This movie theater is closed for decoration.

 The movie theater which I usually go to is closed for decoration.


I was looking for the book.
I found the book.

 I found the book that I was looking for.

※此類句子可以將其關係代名詞省略，但不可省略介係詞。

The restaurant (which) I usually go to is closed for decoration.
I found the book (that) I was looking for.

那麼，如果是介係詞在前，關係代名詞在後（介係詞+關係代名詞）的情況又是怎樣呢?



B) 介係詞在前，關係代名詞在後的句型為正式的英語句型。句型結構請看以下：
I know the girl.
He is talking to the girl.

 I know the girl whom he is talking to.
 I know the girl he is talking to.
 I know the girl to whom he is talking.

French is a language.
I know very little about French.

 French is a subject which I know very little about.
 French is a subject I know very little about.
 French is a subject about which I know very little.

※需特別注意的是，此種介係詞+關係代名詞句型在使用時，關係代名詞一定僅能為which和whom，不可是that, who或空關代。

I know the girl to whom he is talking.

■I know the girl to who/that he is talking. (X)  介係詞“to”不可置於who或that之前
■I know the girl who/that he is talking to. (O) 介係詞“to”可置於who或that之後


French is a subject about which I know very little.

■French is a subject about which/that I know very little. (X)介係詞“about”不可置於which或that之前。
■French is a subject which/that I know very little about. (O)介係詞“about”可置於who或that之後。

由上述句例可知，此類句子不可以將其關係代名詞省略，亦不可省略介係詞。

■I know the girl whom he is talking. (X)
■I know the girl to he is talking. (X)

■French is a subject which I know very little. (X)
■French is a subject about I know very little. (X)

C) 介係詞+關係代名詞句例
The music was good.
I listened to it yesterday.

The music to which I listened yesterday was good.　
我昨天聽到的音樂很好聽。


The picture is painted by Monet.
You are looking at the picture.

The picture at which you are looking is painted by Monet.　
你正在看的那幅畫是莫內的作品。


The boy is my brother. .
You talked to him this morning.

The boy to whom you talked to is my brother.　
今早和你講話的那個男孩是我弟弟。


I must thank Professor Coe. .
I received a gift from him.

I must thank Professor Coe from whom I received a gift.　
我一定要謝謝Coe教授給我的禮物。


This is the school. .
Miss Brown teaches in here.

 This is the school in which Miss Brown teaches.　
這是Brown小姐教書的學校。

in which= where：This is the school where Miss Brown teaches.



1-1 填充題: 請在空格填上正確的介係詞
This is the restaurant _________ which I normally go.
I should reply to Dr. Paterson ___________ whom I received a letter.
The topic ____________ which you discussed was interesting.
What is the evidence ___________ which you base this claim?
These are the people ___________ whom we went to New York last year.


1-2 答案與解說：
to 這是我通常會去的餐廳。 This is the restaurant I normally go to.
from 我應該要回信給Paterson教授，因為我收到了他的一封信。 …I received a
letter from Professor Paterson.
about 你討論的話題很有趣。 The topic you discussed about was interesting.
on 你論證的根據是什麼? …you base this claim on what evidence…
with 這些是去年和我們一起去紐約的人。 We went to New York with these people.



2-1 選擇題：請選出錯誤的句型並說明原因
Mrs. Green is the person from who I obtained the information.
This is the time during that I was not working.
The woman about whom you are talking about is my wife.
Tokyo is the place to which we went together last summer.
The time at which he arrived was too late.


2-2 答案與解說：
錯誤句型：
第1句。關代詞who不可放介係詞from之後；應改為Mrs. Green is the person from whom I obtained the information.
第2句。關代詞that不可放介係詞during之後；應改為This is the time during which I was not working.


3-1請將下方句子合併為介係詞+關係代名詞的句型
I don’t like the boy.
You danced with the boy.

I can’t remember the name of the hotel.
We stayed at the hotel.

Mike ws the boy.
I grew up with him.

Is this the dress?
The dress you finally decided on.

This is the news.
Everyone talks about.

I slept in the bed last night.
The bed wasn’t very comfortable.

He fell in love with the girl.
The girl left him last month.

Jasmine doesn’t get the job.
She applied for the job last week.


3-2 答案
1. I don’t like the boy with whom you danced. 我不喜歡跟你一起跳舞的男孩。
2. I can’t remember the name of the hotel at which we stayed. 　我不記得我們住過的那間旅館叫什麼。
3. Mike was the boy with whom I grew up.　 Mike是那個跟我一起長大的男孩。
4. Is this the dress on which you finally decided?　這是你最終決定的洋裝嗎?
5. This is the news about which everyone talks.　這是每個人都在談論的新聞。
6. The bed in which I slept wasn’t very comfortable.　我昨晚睡的床不是很舒服。
7. The girl with whom he fell in love left him last month. 他愛的女孩上個月離開他了。
8. Jasmine doesn’t get the job for which she applied last week. Jasmine沒有得到她上週申請的工作。

第3單元
介係詞 + 關係代名詞一起用時，是否可省略介係詞呢？



一般句中較常見到關係代名詞和介係詞合用的方式為關係代名詞在前，介係詞在後（關係代名詞+介係詞），如：
This is the movie theater I usually go to.
This movie theater is closed for decoration.

 The movie theater which I usually go to is closed for decoration.


I was looking for the book.
I found the book.

 I found the book that I was looking for.

※此類句子可以將其關係代名詞省略，但不可省略介係詞。

The restaur...

雖然現在從事英語教職，但在高中時期，也曾經歷過英語學習的「撞牆期」。當時除了課堂上的學習外，亦買過相關的英語參考書籍，希望能釐清一些學習上的盲點。然而，可能是資質駑鈍之故，被書上「完全及物」、「不完全及物」等一大堆專有名詞以及複雜的文法規則闡述弄得一個頭兩個大，而原本的不明白的地方則還是不明白。

有幸出國唸書後，發現文法的學習可以不需使用層層疊疊的文字結構來死記硬背，而是可以在閱讀大量文章後，由其中發現語言規則，再進而歸納掌握；此時再回頭閱讀當年的文法書，便覺得豁然開朗。

有鑑於過去的學習經驗，本書在編寫時盡可能減少文法專有名詞的使用，期望以例句和簡明易懂的語言來幫助讀者理解文法的規則。此外，書中的48個單元多為易出錯混淆的文法概念，希望讀者在閱讀後，對於這些文法的要點使用能更為得心應手，未來在使用該文法時，準確度也能因此有所提升。

最後，本書的完成有賴於倍斯特出版編輯們的協助和包涵、家人和朋友們的支持與鼓勵，並特別感謝外籍友人Camelia Panitcherska擔任本書的顧問，在此謹致謝忱。
蘇瑩珊

雖然現在從事英語教職，但在高中時期，也曾經歷過英語學習的「撞牆期」。當時除了課堂上的學習外，亦買過相關的英語參考書籍，希望能釐清一些學習上的盲點。然而，可能是資質駑鈍之故，被書上「完全及物」、「不完全及物」等一大堆專有名詞以及複雜的文法規則闡述弄得一個頭兩個大，而原本的不明白的地方則還是不明白。

有幸出國唸書後，發現文法的學習可以不需使用層層疊疊的文字結構來死記硬背，而是可以在閱讀大量文章後，由其中發現語言規則，再進而歸納掌握；此時再回頭閱讀當年的文法書，便覺得豁然開朗。

有鑑於過去的學習經...

Unit 1 名詞前面到底要不要加“the” 或 “a”呢？ 008
Unit 2 動詞後面可再直接加動詞，不加 to 嗎？ 016
Unit 3 介係詞＋關係代名詞一起用時，是否可省略介係詞呢？ 022
Unit 4 Taste “good”, “good”為何不是副詞？ 028
Unit 5 Seldom, rarely, hardly 的用法 034
Unit 6 Late vs. Lately 042
Unit 7 Near vs. Nearly 048
Unit 8 High vs. Highly 058
Unit 9 Friendly 和 Lovely 是形容詞還是副詞？ 064
Unit 10 Worthy vs. Worth 的用法 070
Unit 11 Little vs. Small 078
Unit 12 Some vs. Any 086
Unit 13 Other vs. Another 092
Unit 14 Above vs. On 100
Unit 15 Below vs. Under 108
Unit 16 In, inward, inside 116
Unit 17 Out, outward, outside 124
Unit 18 No... but... 134
Unit 19 Whoever, whichever,whatever, whomever 的用法 142
Unit 20 By＋交通工具＝in, on＋冠詞＋交通工具 152
Unit 21 動詞和副詞怎麼放在一起，位置才對？ 158
Unit 22 We stayed in or at＋地名-有何不同？ 166
Unit 23 動名詞 V-ing 到底當動詞還是名詞？ 172
Unit 24 Little vs. Few 一樣不一樣？ 182
Unit 25 I’m coming , I come, I will come 差別在哪裡？ 188
Unit 26 Be made＋with or by 差別在哪裡？ 198
Unit 27 Remember, forget,stop＋V-ing or to V 各有何不同？ 204
Unit 28 Until (till) 的用法 212
Unit 29 介係詞 by 的用法 222
Unit 30 Or so, etc., and so on, and so force 的用法 228
Unit 31 So, for 的用法 236
Unit 32 Find vs. Find out 用法差在哪？ 244
Unit 33 While vs. When 用法差在哪？ 250
Unit 34 Though, although, even though 256
Unit 35 As soon as 怎麼用？ 262
Unit 36 關係代名詞 Who vs. Whom 的用法 268
Unit 37 關係代名詞 Which vs. That 的用法 276
Unit 38 什麼時候關係子句要逗號？ 284
Unit 39 Know, understand , acknowledge, realize 的用法 292
Unit 40 I don’t know who she is. 還是I don’t know who is she. 300
Unit 41 Wish 的用法 308
Unit 42 使役動詞的用法 316
Unit 43 What 和Which的用法 322
Unit 44 Before vs. By的用法 330
Unit 45 At first, first, firstly的用法 338
Unit 46 Where vs. In which vs. Which 344
Unit 47 單位量詞有哪些? 308
Unit 48 Old vs. Senior 可否一起用? 差別在哪裡? 308

Unit 1 名詞前面到底要不要加“the” 或 “a”呢？ 008
Unit 2 動詞後面可再直接加動詞，不加 to 嗎？ 016
Unit 3 介係詞＋關係代名詞一起用時，是否可省略介係詞呢？ 022
Unit 4 Taste “good”, “good”為何不是副詞？ 028
Unit 5 Seldom, rarely, hardly 的用法 034
Unit 6 Late vs. Lately 042
Unit 7 Near vs. Nearly 048
Unit 8 High vs. Highly 058
Unit 9 Friendly 和 Lovely 是形容詞還是副詞？ 064
Unit 10 Worthy vs. Worth 的用法 070
Unit 11 Little vs. Small 078
Unit 12 Some vs. Any 086
Unit 13 Other vs....