1 The WTO and the Idea of Cooperative Trade Policy ………………… (1)
1-1 The Foundation of the GATT ………………………………………………… (1)
1-2 The Progress Achieved Under the GATT …………………………………… (3)
1-3 From the GATT to the WTO ………………………………………………… (6)
1-4 The WTO and Its Achievements ……………………………………………… (7)
1-5 Economic Theories and Trade Policies ……………………………………… (13)
1-6 The Prisoner􀆳s Dilemma in Trade Policies ………………………………… (21)
1-7 The WTO and Cooperative Trade Policy …………………………………… (23)
1-8 Case Studies ………………………………………………………………… (24)

2 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)…………………… (28)
2-1 Driving Force Towards a Multilateral Agreement …………………………… (28)
2-2 The Structure of the GATT 1994 …………………………………………… (30)
2-3 Important Issues During the GATT (1948-1994) ………………………… (43)
2-4 Case Studies ………………………………………………………………… (55)

3 Operating Mechanism of WTO …………………………………………… (62)
3-1 The WTO Decision⁃Making Mechanism …………………………………… (62)
3-2 WTO Trade Policy Review Mechanism …………………………………… (71)
3-3 WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism ……………………………………… (74)
3-4 Case Studies ………………………………………………………………… (91)

4 The GATS ……………………………………………………………………… (96)
4-1 The Driving Forces Towards a Service Agreement ………………………… (96)
4-2 Differences Between Services and Goods Sectors …………………………… (98)
4-3 Objectives, Structure and Scope of the GATS ……………………………… (99)
4-4 General Obligations and Disciplines (Part II) …………………………… (103)
4-5 Specific Commitments (Part III and Part IV) …………………………… (109)
4-6 Institutional Arrangement (Part V) ……………………………………… (112)
4-7 Final Provisions (Part VI) ………………………………………………… (113)
4-8 Annexes on Financial Services …………………………………………… (114)
4-9 Annexes on Air Transport Services and Telecommunications …………… (115)
4-10 The Other Annexes ……………………………………………………… (116)
4-11 Evaluating the GATS …………………………………………………… (117)
4-12 Case Studies ……………………………………………………………… (124)

5 Multilateral Trading System and Climate Change …………………… (130)
5-1 Impact of Trade Openness on Climate Change …………………………… (130)
5-2 WTO Progress in Addressing Challenges of Climate Change ……………… (134)
5-3 Multilateral Trade System and Carbon Tariff ……………………………… (139)
5-4 Carbon Labeling …………………………………………………………… (151)
5-5 Carbon Trading …………………………………………………………… (158)
5-6 Case Studies ……………………………………………………………… (167)

6 Regional Integration and E⁃commerce ………………………………… (172)
6-1 WTO Multilateral Trade System and Regional Economic Integration …… (172)
6-2 WTO Multilateral Trade System and Electronic Commerce ……………… (188)
6-3 WTO and International Labor Standards ………………………………… (196)

7 WTO⁃Dispute Settlement Mechanism ………………………………… (207)
7-1 The Characteristics of Disputes and Settlements ………………………… (207)
7-2 WTO Dispute Settlement and China ……………………………………… (228)
7-3 Case Studies ……………………………………………………………… (241)

References ……………………………………………………… (252)

1 The WTO and the Idea of Cooperative Trade Policy ………………… (1)
1-1 The Foundation of the GATT ………………………………………………… (1)
1-2 The Progress Achieved Under the GATT …………………………………… (3)
1-3 From the GATT to the WTO ………………………………………………… (6)
1-4 The WTO and Its Achievements ……………………………………………… (7)
1-5 Economic Theories and Trade Policies ……………………………………… (13)
1-6 The Prisoner􀆳s Dilemma in Trade Policies …………...