節錄自〈馴化自然：以柳宗元永州山水書寫為個案〉／林偉盛

　

　　本文以柳宗元謫居永州時期的山水書寫為研究對象，探討其如何通過行動參與異域的山水，從而轉化自身的存有狀態，在因貶謫而困居一隅的處境中重新體驗自由與安頓。我們將從貶謫事件對於柳宗元的影響談起。因著放臣身分而來的多重關係性失落，使柳宗元初至永州時，不免沉淪於一種孤獨的境況之中。然而，由於關係性是實存之人的本質，修補失落的關係性，抑或建立起新的聯繫，是維持自身存有的必然要求。元和四年以降，柳宗元積極地通過「發現」與「命名」等行動參與永州當地的山水，與之建立關係，使得原來可怖的異域，馴化而為可以棲居的地方。在柳宗元的筆下，馴化了的地方乃是一與我互為主體的存有者，是真正意義上的「他者」。通過柳宗元永州時期的山水書寫，我們可以看到「交互主體性」在人與非人的存有者間的一種體現。同時，這也預示著一種新型態的人與自然的關係在唐中葉的出現。

關鍵詞：柳宗元、山水書寫、地方、他者、交互主體性

　

壹、前言

　　柳宗元（773-819）以其於謫居永州時期的山水書寫為後人所稱道，尤其是傳世的八篇著名的山水遊記。論者指出，在此時期柳宗元的筆下，實存在兩種迥異的山水印象，分別可以傳世的八篇著名遊記和〈囚山賦〉為代表。前者洋溢著歡愉的色調，後者則明示著厭山的情懷，宛若置身一方異域。1 這兩種截然不同、看似矛盾的山水書寫，反映出柳宗元在永州的山水之間所體驗到的地方感（sense of place）的差異。地方感的發生並不源自於心靈或思維的主觀想像抑意造，而是人通過具身（embodiment）的行動參與環境，與之建立聯繫，從而在過程中獲致的體驗。這樣一種與自然物建立關係的行動，我們稱之為「馴化」。

　

To Tame the Nature: Taking Liu Zongyuan's Writing of natural landscape in Yongzhou as a case

/ Wei-Sheng Lin

Ph.D. candidate, Department of Chinese Literature,

National Taiwan University

　

This article takes Liu Zongyuan's natural writings during his demoting and exiling in Yongzhou as the research object. It mainly studies after Liu Zongyuan was demoted and exiled to a remote corner of the territory of the Tang Dynasty, how did he participate in the foreign land through some actions, thereby transforming his own state of being, and experiencing freedom and settlement again. Our discussion will start with the impact of the incident that being demoted and exiled on Liu Zongyuan. As a result of the loss of relationships in multiple aspects due to his status as a demoted and exiled official, Liu Zongyuan inevitably falling into a lonely situation when he first arrived in Yongzhou. However, owing to relationality is the essence of Human reality, repairing lost relationality or establishing new connections is an inevitable requirement for maintaining one's own being. Since the fourth year of Yuanhe, which is 809 AD, Liu Zongyuan actively participated in the mountains and rivers of Yongzhou through actions such as "discovery" and "naming," thereby establishing a relationship with them, so that the foreign land which originally brought Liu Zongyuan a sense of scary and uncomfortable were turned into a habitable place. In this paper, we call such a transformation "tame," which means to establish ties. In Liu Zongyuan's writing, the "tamed" place is a being who is the subject of each other with me, and it is the "Other" in the true sense. Through Liu Zongyuan's natural writing during the period of being demoted and exiled to Yongzhou, we can see a manifestation of "intersubjectivity" between human beings and non-human beings. At the same time, this also heralds the emergence of a new type of relationship between human being and nature in the middle of the Tang Dynasty.

　

Keywords: Liu Zongyuan, writing of natural landscape, place, the Other, intersubjectivity

節錄自〈馴化自然：以柳宗元永州山水書寫為個案〉／林偉盛

　

　　本文以柳宗元謫居永州時期的山水書寫為研究對象，探討其如何通過行動參與異域的山水，從而轉化自身的存有狀態，在因貶謫而困居一隅的處境中重新體驗自由與安頓。我們將從貶謫事件對於柳宗元的影響談起。因著放臣身分而來的多重關係性失落，使柳宗元初至永州時，不免沉淪於一種孤獨的境況之中。然而，由於關係性是實存之人的本質，修補失落的關係性，抑或建立起新的聯繫，是維持自身存有的必然要求。元和四年以降，柳宗元積極地通過「發現」與「命名」等行動參與永州當地...

第六十一卷第一期
二○二三年三月號
　
【研究論文】
馴化自然：以柳宗元永州山水書寫為個案
／林偉盛
警察行使職權違反禁止酷刑的本土風險因素
／張淵菘、黃彥彰、章光明
　
賭徒及其空間煉成術：以澳門小說家太皮作品為例
／留婷婷
　
臺中向上市場塑膠袋減量的轉型方案：從策略利基管理途徑檢視
／徐健銘、張國暉、翁渝婷、梁曉昀
　
與至聖之靈相通：鄧逢光與徐謙的儒教實踐
／林峻煒、呂妙芬
　
論社會學的「關係轉向」
／張宏輝

第六十一卷第一期
二○二三年三月號
　
【研究論文】
馴化自然：以柳宗元永州山水書寫為個案
／林偉盛
警察行使職權違反禁止酷刑的本土風險因素
／張淵菘、黃彥彰、章光明
　
賭徒及其空間煉成術：以澳門小說家太皮作品為例
／留婷婷
　
臺中向上市場塑膠袋減量的轉型方案：從策略利基管理途徑檢視
／徐健銘、張國暉、翁渝婷、梁曉昀
　
與至聖之靈相通：鄧逢光與徐謙的儒教實踐
／林峻煒、呂妙芬
　
論社會學的「關係轉向」
／張宏輝