《小氣財神》,又譯《聖誕頌歌》,是英國維多利亞時代大文豪查理斯.狄更斯(Charles Dickens, 1812-1870)的知名作品。這本小說發表於1843年,堪稱是最受世人歡迎的耶誕故事。故事自問世以來,就不斷被拿來改編,演成各種形式的戲劇,後來還被製作成各種版本的電視、電影、廣播或動畫,深受各個年齡層的讀者與觀眾所喜愛。
《小氣財神》是一部中篇小說,為狄更斯五本聖誕小說系列(Christmas Books)的第一本。這本小說甫出版即廣受歡迎,甚至影響了當時代人們對「聖誕節」的看法,為聖誕節傳統注入了新意,讓這個節日所代表的意義與精神,重新受到世人的重視。狄更斯曾為聖誕節下過這樣的註解:
Happy, happy Christmas, that can win us back to the delusions of our childhood days, recall to the old man the pleasures of his youth, and transport the traveler back to his own fireside and quiet home!
「聖誕節快樂」,這個日子帶我們重溫兒時的想像,
喚回老人家飛揚的青春記憶,引領遊子回到家中靜謐的爐火旁。
另外,《小氣財神》還成功地塑造了一個文學上的經典人物「Scrooge」。Scrooge是故事中的那位一毛不拔的主人翁,如今這個字在英語裡頭,已成了「守財奴」的代名詞。本書描寫一個錙銖必較、愛財如命的守財奴Scrooge,他在一個聖誕夜裡,因為經歷了幾場與鬼魂和精靈的邂逅,竟一夕之間變成了另一個個性截然不同的人。
這個故事的背景設在倫敦,時值一個嚴寒的聖誕節前夕。故事一開始,Scrooge是一個冷酷自私、刻薄慳吝、內心封閉的人,這晚當他回到清冷的家中,卻來了一個意外的訪客──一個七年前過世的老友的鬼魂,登門拜訪來找他。這位老友與他個性相仿,因為死後遭遇悲慘,所以特地前來勸誡老友,要他引以為鑑,並通知他今晚會有三位精靈來找他。
這三位精靈分別是「過去的耶誕精靈」、「現在的耶誕精靈」、「未來的耶誕精靈」,他們分別帶Scrooge到過去、現在、未來的聖誕節,讓他對自己的人生做了回顧、省察和預見。這一夜,歷經了痛苦、震驚、恐懼和懊悔,Scrooge頓時覺悟。他痛改前非,做重新人,變成了一個懂得對別人付出金錢與感情的人。
《小氣財神》涉及了許多層面的議題,包括社會公義、慈善行為、家庭價值,還有貪婪與道德等各種人性問題。而故事中老友鬼魂如下的吶喊之聲,傳達出了這本書的一個主要精神:
Mankind was my business. The common welfare was my business;
Charity, mercy, forbearance, and benevolence, were, all, my business.
人類,才是我的事業!人們的福祉,才該是我的事業。
博愛、仁慈、寬容、慈善,這些才應該是我的事業!
A Christmas Carol is a novel written in 1843 by Charles Dickens. This popular story is one of his best; it has never been out of print and has been adapted to film, opera, and other media. The story is about a Christmas Eve when the stingy Ebenezer Scrooge has three ghosts as visitors. The ghosts teach Scrooge a powerful lesson that he will never forget.
Happy, happy Christmas, that can win us back to the delusions of our childhood days, recall to the old man the pleasures of his youth, and transport the traveler back to his own fireside and quiet home!
—Charles Dickens
A Christmas Carol was written in the style typical of Dickens. Inspiration for his stories was varied, but it came mostly from his own childhood experiences and various Christmas stories and fairy tales.
作者簡介:
Charles Dickens
查理斯.狄更斯(Charles Dickens, 1812-1870)為英國維多利亞時期的大文豪,作品普受世人的歡迎,且對英國文學的發展有著深遠的影響,是19世紀英國寫實主義文學的主要代表。
在狄更斯年少時,父親曾因債入獄,致使狄更斯被送去當學徒,這段經歷讓他備嚐艱辛與屈辱。但也因為這樣的經歷,狄更斯擅長於描繪英國中下階層的社會,深刻反映出複雜的社會現實。狄更斯位於西敏寺的墓誌銘,適足傳達此一精神特色,其寫著:
He was a sympathiser with the poor, the suffering, and the oppressed;
and by his death, one of England's greatest writers is lost to the world.
他的心,與窮人、受苦的人和被壓迫者同在;
他的謝世,令世界失去了一位偉大的英國作家。
狄更斯勤於筆耕,著作等身。其代表作包括《孤雛淚》(Oliver Twist)、《小氣財神》(A Christmas Carol)、自傳性題材的《塊肉餘生錄》(David Copperfield)、《艱難時世》(Hard Times)、《雙城記》(A Tale of Two Cities)、《遠大前程》(Great Expectations)等。1870年,狄更斯不幸病逝,享年58歲。
Charles Dickens (1812-1870) was the most famous English novelist of the Victorian era, and his tales are still popular today and form an important part of English literature. Dickens spent his life writing. His stories reflected his childhood and contributed to the social reform of 19th century Great Britain. His most famous novels are The Adventures of Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, and A Tale of Two Cities.
目錄
Stave One
Marley’s Ghost
Stave Two
The First of the Three Spirits
Stave Three
The Second of the Three Spirits
Stave Four
The Last of the Spirits
Stave Five
The End of It
Stave One
Marley’s Ghost
Stave Two
The First of the Three Spirits
Stave Three
The Second of the Three Spirits
Stave Four
The Last of the Spirits
Stave Five
The End of It
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