1.1美式主食大集合 American Main Courses
用英文聊美食 聊天必備Talking About Food In English
服務生A：先生午安，請問需要點些甚麼呢?
Waiter A: Good afternoon sir. What would you like to order?
客人B：我是第一次到美國來玩，想嘗嘗看道地的美國食物，請問有甚麼好推薦的嗎?
Customer B: It’s my first time in America. I want to try some typical American food. What do you recommend?
服務生A：烤豬肋排是美式燒烤飲食的精華，最具代表性的就是「紐奧良碳烤豬肋排」。其中一種叫做Cajun的調味粉是以十多種香料混合而成，其特殊的風味不僅是美國人的最愛，也受到吃重口味的亞洲人所喜愛喔。
Waiter A: Roasted pork ribs are the quintessence of American BBQ cuisine, and "New Orleans style pork roast" is the most representative. It adds a special flavor known as "Cajun cause," which is a mixture of more than ten spices. It is not only Americans' favorite, but also attracts Asians who enjoy heavy taste.
客人B：聽起來很棒，不過現在還沒到中午，我怕光吃肉類難以消化。
Customer B: Sounds great, but it's not lunch time yet. I'm afraid that if I just eat meat, it will cause me an indigestion.
服務生A：那真是太可惜了，不然我還想推薦您品嘗美國人最愛的肉類料理--牛排呢! 那麼您覺得漢堡如何呢? 一般美式漢堡除了漢堡排(Hamburger steak)以外，還可以改成魚排、雞排或豬排等，也可以搭配不同的配料和調味料，讓口感更豐富、更美味。
Waiter A: What a pity, or else I'd recommend you American's favorite meat cuisine, steaks! Would you like to have a burger then? In general, American style burgers, except for hamburger steaks, can be switched to fish, chicken, pork, etc.. We can also put other ingredients or sauces into the burger, making it rich and tasty.
客人B：我聽說來到美國南部一定要吃當地的美式炸雞，不過炸雞和漢堡在台灣的速食店就吃的到了，我想吃一些比較少見的特色料理。
Customer B: I heard that if I come to southern America, I should try the local fried chickens. Since there are already fried chickens and burgers at fast food restaurants in Taiwan, I would like to try something rare and special.
服務生A：那麼墨西哥捲餅怎麼樣呢? 墨西哥捲餅是用一張墨西哥薄餅（tortilla）將肉餡、蔬菜等捲成U字型。餡料從烤牛肉、雞肉、豬肉、魚蝦、乳酪都有，搭配的醬料則有莎莎醬（salsa sauce）、酪梨醬（guacamole）、碎番茄粒（pico de gallo）等。
Waiter A: How about burritos? Burritos are made by folded tortilla with meat stuffing and vegetables. The stuffing can be beef, chicken, pork, seafood or cheese. You may also choose various sauces such as salsa sauce, guacamole, or crushed tomato (pico de gallo).
客人B：墨西哥捲餅!?那不是墨西哥的料理嗎?
Customer B: Burrito? Isn't it Mexican cuisine?
服務生A：墨西哥捲餅是墨西哥的傳統家庭料理沒錯，不過現在墨西哥式的烹飪方法已普及到一般美國家庭，對美國的飲食文化影響非常深，因此墨西哥捲餅也可被視為美式料理之一。
Waiter A: Burrito is a traditional Mexican dish for sure, but Mexican food is common in American families. Mexican food deeply influenced American's dining culture, and it is considered part of American cuisine.
客人B：聽說墨西哥料理被譽為世界名菜，與法國菜和中國菜並駕齊驅，看來果真不假，那我就來一份烤牛肉的墨西哥捲餅吧! 謝謝你。
Customer B: I heard that Mexican cuisine is one of the most famous cuisines in the world, like French and Chinese ones. I would like to have a roast beef burrito. Thank you.
服務生A：好的，烤牛肉墨西哥捲餅一份馬上來。
Waiter A: Alright, one roast beef burrito. It will be served right the way.
飲食小百科 文化大不同Differences in Cultures
牛在各國文化中的定位 Cattle Around the World
印度 Cattle In India
印度有「牛的王國」之稱，印度人將牛視為神聖不可侵犯的動物，在路上開車千萬要小心不可撞到牛，更不可配戴牛製品進入廟宇，最好也能盡量避免以牛為攝影拍照的對象，想當然爾印度人更是將食用牛肉視為大忌。
India, also known as "the Cattle Kingdom," treats cattle as sacred animal. In India, people drive carefully to avoid cattle, and cattle hide products are forbidden in temples. They avoid taking pictures of cows, and of course, beef is out of their diet.
美國Cattle In America
牛肉是美國飲食文化中最為廣泛使用的食材之一。亞洲人偏好將肉類烹調至全熟，因為怕看到肉中帶血，而美國人則是認為帶血才能吃出牛肉的美味,並攝取到豐富的營養。美國人希望儘量保持食物的原汁原味和營養，不會特別著重調味及烹調法，食用牛排時通常只是將整塊牛排燒烤後再切片品嘗。
Beef is the most widely used ingredient in American diet culture. Asians try to avoid bloody meat, so they prefer to cook it; Americans prefer to eat it with blood to preserve its original taste and nutrition. They usually just roast the whole piece of steak and cut it in slices to keep its original taste.
日本Cattle in Japan
日本曾經實施過將近千年的禁食肉類政策，直到近代這項禁令解除，加上日本深受西方飲食文化的影響，牛肉才逐漸成為日本人心中肉類的主要選擇，也成了日本人除了魚類以外最喜愛的動物性食材。
Japan had implemented a policy of abstention from meat for nearly thousand years, and the ban was lifted only in modern era. Beef became the main choice of meat under Western influence, and it also became the favorite animal ingredient, except for fish.
西班牙Cattle in Spain
西班牙人盛行吃牛肚、牛尾，據說在鬥牛場上陣亡的牛最後都進了廚房，但其實鬥牛場上的牛不一定都會被人吃下肚.有些地方對於鬥牛士刺殺牛的時間和次數有所限制，如果超過限制，主席便會宣告鬥牛士停止刺殺，並將這頭牛視為神牛，直到其自然老死後再將其下葬，且不可食用其肉。
It's very popular in Spain to eat cattle tripe and tails. It is said that after bullfighting, all bulls died in the battle are sent into the kitchen. However, not all fighting bulls become their food. In some cases, bullfighters have limited time and frequency to take down the bulls. If the bullfighter fail to take down the bull within the limit, the host will order the bullfighter to stop the event. People consider the survived bull as divine animal, and allow it to die naturally. It will also be buried, instead of being sent into kitchens.
中國Cattle in China
在字典中，以「牛」為首的詞彙多達三百多個，許多語言學家認為這是牛與中國文化密不可分的象徵。中國古代可以用牛來祭祀、骨頭則用來占卜，牛的力氣大，因此可用來作為坐騎、拉車搬運。不僅牛肉可食用、牛皮可製造器具，更重要的是可以幫助農民用來耕田。在中國社會中也可看到許多與牛相關的典故，在民間社會更有各種敘述牛隻的傳奇故事，足以說明牛在中國人心中的重要性。
In Chinese dictionary, there are over three hundred words starting with "cattle." Many philologists believe that it is a symbol of the close relationship between cattle and Chinese culture. In Ancient China, cattle can be sacrificed to gods, and its bones can be used for divination. Cattle is strong, and it can be used for transportation. Cattle is also sources for food and clothing. More importantly, Chinese use cattle for cultivation. There are many folk legends based on cattle, which illustrate the importance of cattle in Chinese culture.
菜餚的故事 你知道嗎? Stories About Food
漢堡的起源 The Origin of Hamburgers
最常聽到的說法是，漢堡源自於德國一個名叫「漢堡」(Hamburg)的海港城市，當地的人們把牛肉剁碎之後做成肉餅來食用。十九世紀中期，牛肉餅的作法隨著德國移民傳入美國本土，並逐漸在街頭巷尾流行了起來。另一個說法則是出自大航海時代，因為當時儲存在船艙內的肉塊乾硬不好食用，一艘從歐洲將移民載往北美洲的船隻「漢堡─阿美利加號」（Hamburg America）上的廚師為了能吃到柔嫩的肉塊，因此在船上發明了把碎牛肉剁成末的烹調方法，並搭配加有洋蔥肉餅的麵包食用。當船上的移民抵達北美之後覺得這種肉餅麵包經濟又實惠，便普遍成為人們的日常三餐。
It is said that the origin of hamburgers was from a harbor city named Hamburg, Germany, where people made patty with smashed beef. In the mid-19th century, German immigrants introduce it to America and it became popular. Others said that in the Age of Exploration, meat stored inside ship cabin often became too dry and too tough to eat. A chef who served in "Hamburg America," a ship carrying immigrants from Europe to America, invented the method of meat patty to keep the tenderness. The patty was also served with onions and breads. This affordable food item got popular when the immigrants arrived in America, and eventually became American's daily meals.
實用會話 聊天必備 Useful Phrases
電話訂位 Making a Reservation by Phone
A：午安，食神餐廳您好，很高興為您服務。
A: Good afternoon. Shi Shen Restaurant. How may I help you?
B：我想訂今天晚上的位子。
B: I'd like to reserve a table for this evening.
A：請問一共幾位呢?
A: For how many people?
B：一共六位，我們想訂晚上7點。
B: For 6 people. We will come at 7:00.
A：很抱歉，目前7點的晚餐時段都已經客滿了。請問您願意提前或是晚一點用餐嗎?
A: I'm so sorry, but we're fully booked this evening at 7:00. Would you be willing to dine earlier or perhaps a little latter?
B：提早可能沒有辦法，請問晚一點的話，要到幾點才有空位呢?
B: Earlier might not be possible. If we come later, when will a table be available?
A：依目前的訂位狀況來看，可能要到7點40分以後才有空位喔。
A: As of right now, you might have to wait until 7:40 pm for a table.
B：那就7點40吧。那時候你們的招牌厚切牛排會不會都賣完了?
B: 7:40 then. Will you still have the classic thick-cut steak by that time?
A：不會的，您一定能享用得到，請放心。
A: Yes, you will definitely enjoy it. Don't worry.
B：那真是太好了，我可是專程帶朋友過去吃的。
B: That's great. I am visiting with friends.
A：感謝您選擇食神餐廳，可以請您留下訂位姓名和連絡電話嗎?
A: Thank you for choosing Shi Shen Restaurant. May I have your name and phone number for the reservation?
B：沒問題。我叫Tom Handerson。電話是1800-333-0276。
B: No problem. My name is Tom Handerson and my phone number is 1800-333-0276.
A：謝謝您，Mr. Handerson。食神餐廳恭候您與您的朋友於今晚7點40分蒞臨。
A: Thank you, Mr. Handerson. Shi Shen Restaurant awaits you and your friends tonight at 7:40.
好用句型 點餐必會Sentence Patterns
1. Can I sit here?／Can I take this seat?
我可以坐這個位置嗎?
seat：座位
會這句更加分：Excuse me, is this seat taken ?
不好意思，請問這個座位有人坐嗎?
2. I'll have a burger, and one large order of French fries.
我要一個漢堡跟大份薯條。
order：訂購、叫 (餐點或飲料)
會這句更加分：Are you ready to order?
請問您準備點餐了嗎?
3. Will you be eating here or is this to go (take out)?
For here or to go?
請問您要內用還是外帶？
外帶: Take out, please.
內用: I'll eat here.
4. May I have some more ketchup, please?
我可不可以多要一點蕃茄醬？
ketchup：蕃茄醬
會這句更加分：He spotted his shirt with ketchup.
他的衣服被番茄醬弄髒了。
5. Q: How about onions or mustard？ 要加洋蔥或芥末嗎？
A: Yes, please. 好的，謝謝。
mustard：芥末
會這句更加分：This mustard does not bite much.
這種芥末不會很嗆。
6. How do you like your steak cooked?／How would you like it cooked?
請問你的牛排要幾分熟?
Medium well, please.
七分熟，謝謝。
會這句更加分：牛排的熟度:
全熟well done／七分熟medium well／五分熟medium／三分熟medium rare／一分熟rare
牛排只有1、3、5、7以及全熟，切記不要講出其他的熟度以免鬧笑話。多數高級餐廳在客人沒有特別指示的情況下，至少會將牛排烹調至三分熟。
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